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HISTORY OF CERAMIC IMAGING
The art and science of ceramics dates back many millennium with clay and ceramic pots unearthed in the
earliest civilizations. Beautiful mosaic and hand-painted ceramic decorations from ancient Middle Eastern
and Asian cultures survive today retaining their color even after centuries of exposure to intense sunlight
and wear. For thousands of years, hand painting with inorganic pigments and subsequent firing at very
high temperature has been the only method for creating durable images on ceramic.
At the turn of the 20 th century the process of “silk” screening was developed bringing a new technique for
imaging ceramics and making it possible, for the first time, to “mass produce” ceramics with a desired
image. The advent of photo-sensitive screens has replaced silk, and screen printing remains the dominant
long run production technique. Screen printing is economical if the number of “prints” is high enough,
typically 500+ for a four color image. The high cost of screen printing is a result of expensive equipment
and numerous steps required in the process.
In the 1990’s Cromalin® Art, a photopolymer film carrying ceramic toners, made one of a kind photo-
imaging of ceramics possible for the first time. Cromalin Art® has been widely adopted throughout Europe
for creating permanent duplicates of photographs on ceramic. Because it requires many process steps,
including color separations and hand registration of the color films, it is also an expensive process
although far less expensive than screen printing one image. Thermal transfer and sublimation techniques
were also introduced and can reproduce photographs on ceramic but are not as durable. These
techniques use much lower temperatures and plastic surface treatments to image the surface of the
ceramic.
*footnotes www.enduring-images/radius3.com/index.php?customernumber=421406230581388&pr=Ceramic_Imaging_Histor
The art and science of ceramics dates back many millennium with clay and ceramic pots unearthed in the
earliest civilizations. Beautiful mosaic and hand-painted ceramic decorations from ancient Middle Eastern
and Asian cultures survive today retaining their color even after centuries of exposure to intense sunlight
and wear. For thousands of years, hand painting with inorganic pigments and subsequent firing at very
high temperature has been the only method for creating durable images on ceramic.
At the turn of the 20 th century the process of “silk” screening was developed bringing a new technique for
imaging ceramics and making it possible, for the first time, to “mass produce” ceramics with a desired
image. The advent of photo-sensitive screens has replaced silk, and screen printing remains the dominant
long run production technique. Screen printing is economical if the number of “prints” is high enough,
typically 500+ for a four color image. The high cost of screen printing is a result of expensive equipment
and numerous steps required in the process.
In the 1990’s Cromalin® Art, a photopolymer film carrying ceramic toners, made one of a kind photo-
imaging of ceramics possible for the first time. Cromalin Art® has been widely adopted throughout Europe
for creating permanent duplicates of photographs on ceramic. Because it requires many process steps,
including color separations and hand registration of the color films, it is also an expensive process
although far less expensive than screen printing one image. Thermal transfer and sublimation techniques
were also introduced and can reproduce photographs on ceramic but are not as durable. These
techniques use much lower temperatures and plastic surface treatments to image the surface of the
ceramic.
*footnotes www.enduring-images/radius3.com/index.php?customernumber=421406230581388&pr=Ceramic_Imaging_Histor
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History of American Headstones
Types of Headstones and Tombstones
Headstone Terminology
Selecting a Headstone Granite Color
Choosing a Headstone Design
Selecting Lettering styles for Headstones
Types of Gravestones, Headstones & Grave Markers
Manufacturing Process of Headstones
Installation and Foundations for Headstones
Cemetery Regulations
Headstone Epitaphs
Cleaning Headstones
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